Behaviour of Clay Reinforced With Fibres †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Behaviour of Clay Reinforced With Fibres. Answer: Introduction: Clay soil is a cohesive soil with high compressibility and low permeability. This type of soil shrink under dry condition and swells in a wet condition. Clay soil is not appropriate for the majority of the projects of construction since it may lead to the foundation to easily crack leading to the cracking of wall. There is need of using a deep foundation like piling to prevent cracking of foundation. Piling is normally used in local industries of construction because of soft clay soil that is weak found in most sections of Brunei Darussalam. There have been numerous research on ground improvement in Brunei with an aim of widening treatment techniques of the clay soil to improve its performance(Akhtar, 2013). Through the process of soil stabilization, the issue of settlement can be prevented from happening during construction. The swelling and shrinkage of the soil can be minimized hence improving the soil stability for construction of structures. In this project, the soil improvement method discussed is the use of fibres to improve the characteristics of clay soil. The fibres will prevent the cracking of clay soil during construction hence minimizing the use of gravel and sand due to their high cost. In Brunei, the clay soil is not used in the construction rather it is excavated during construction and thrown away to a wasteland, the use of cocopeat will encourage the clay soil to be improved and effective for construction purposes. The cocopeat inclusions are cheaper and readily available since they are gotten from the coconut husk(Choudhry, 2014). The previous research on reinforcement of soil with cocopeat and the consolidation effects of clay soil are summarized in this section which majorly focuses on the techniques, procedures as well as the results. Unreinforced clay soil specimens prepared at 17.8kN/m3 of dry unit weight portrayed a very brittle behaviour with 0.9% failure. The specimens were made with the coir fibre content of 1.6%, 0.8%, and 0.4%. The full consolidation was assumed to occur after the level of water in the burette which is joined to the valve for drainage becomes constant. The results of the compaction show that the optimum content of moisture of the reinforced clay with untreated and treated coir fibre increases with an increase in the content of coir fibre(Kaniraj, 2014). The optimum moisture content of clay was 12%. The stress-strain behaviour of reinforced clay with diverse percentages of coir fibre is as shown in figure 1 below. The inclusion of CCL4 treated coir fibre to the clay resulted in greater frictional angle and cohesion improvement. Samples that are saturated were prepared for triaxial compression and conventional consolidation test. For the samples preparation, there was a consideration of the technique of slurry. The characteristic of the human hair strength was then determined by the test of tensile strength. The mechanical and physical properties of the used human hair are as shown in the figure below. When samples that are saturated are tested in the triaxial apparatus by the application of the back pressure, the method may take a long duration in case of longer dimensions of the samples. The human hair reinforced samples and unreinforced samples with the diverse percentage of human hair content of 30%, 20%, and 10% were mixed with water that is distilled to form the slurry(Shukla, 2016). The stress of deviator increases until unreinforced clay attains 15% axial strain, however, for the samples reinforced, the test proceeds until 20% axial strain is of. From the test of oedometer, the reinforced and unreinforced samples decrease in pressure as more human hair are added to the mixture(Pradhan, 2013). Some of the dynamic properties of a soil sample include tensile strength, compression, and shear properties. The damping ratio and shear modulus are the two major variable characteristics of the dynamic response of soil analysis. The specimens were prepared by mixing clay soil with different polypropylene monofilament fibres percentages. The compaction test was done on a mixture of polypropylene monofilament fibres with clay soil after a homogeneous mixture off. The optimum polypropylene monofilament fibres content was found to be 0.2% for the composite(Sivakumar, 2013). The damping ration against the shear strain of polypropylene monofilament fibres reinforced clay is as shown in the graph below: The inclusion of discrete coir fibre that is randomly distributed improves the strength parameters of the clay soil as in case of construction using reinforced concrete. The test of the model footing was conducted on the coir fibre reinforced clay with an aim of investigating the behaviour of pressure settlement of coir fibre reinforced clay that is randomly distributed and the impacts of the content of coir fibre on the bearing capacity(Vasan, 2017). The results of the maximum dry density for reinforced and unreinforced clay soil using the standard Proctor compaction test is as shown in the figures 3(a) and (b) below: The model footing test was done for reinforced clay and unreinforced clay 1.0%, 0.75%, 0.5%, and 0.25% cocopeat for 25mm, 50mm, and 100mm thickness. The curve of load settlement for reinforced and unreinforced clay are as shown in the figures 4(a) and (b) below: No. Author and Year Fibre Preparation of Sample Experiment Performed Results 1 (Choudhry, 2014) Coir fibre The coir fibre content of 1.6%, 0.8%, and 0.4% Consolidation test The results of the compaction show that the optimum content of moisture of the reinforced clay with untreated and treated coir fibre increases with an increase in the content of coir fibre. The optimum moisture content of clay was 12%. 2 (Mali, 2017) Human hair The diverse percentage of human hair content of 30%, 20%, and 10% were mixed with water Triaxial compression and conventional consolidation test The stress of deviator increases until unreinforced clay attains 15% axial strain, however, for the samples reinforced, the test proceeds until 20% axial strain is attained 3 (Shukla, 2016) Polypropylene monofilament fibres The specimens were prepared by mixing clay soil with different Polypropylene monofilament fibres percentages The compaction test The optimum polypropylene monofilament fibres content was found to be 0.2% for the composite. An increase in the values of shear modulus and damping ration was noted for clay with cocopeat at low ranges of shear strain. 4 (Kaniraj, 2014) Coir Fibre The reinforced clay and unreinforced clay 1.0%, 0.75%, 0.5%, and 0.25% cocopeat for 25mm, 50mm, and 100mm thickness The standard Proctor compaction test There is a significant improvement is bearing capacity of clay soil with the inclusion of coir fibre. Bibliography Choudhry, D., 2014. Mechanical behaviour of polypropylene and human hair fibres and polypropylene reinforced polymeric composites. Michigan: Int J Mech Ind Eng. Kaniraj, A., 2014. The geotechnical behaviour of fly ash mixed with randomly oriented fibre inclusions. New Delhi: Geotext Geomembr. Mali, S., 2017. Strength Behaviour of Cohesive Soils Reinforced with Fibers. Colorado: International Journal of Civil Engineering Research. Pradhan, V., 2013. Effect of random inclusion of polypropylene fibres on strength of cohesive soil. Bangkok: Geotech Geol Eng. Puppala, A., 2011. Effect of fibre reinforcement on strength and volume change in expansive soils. New York: Transportation Research Record. Shukla, B., 2016. The behaviour of plastic waste fibre-reinforced industrial waste in pavement applications. Mumbai: Int J Geotech Eng. Sivakumar, B., 2013. Influence of randomly distributed coir fibres on the shear strength of clay. London: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering.